Darwin Described, We Perform Lifting; An Evolutionary Approach to Face-Neck Lift

Panniculus Carnosus, which Charles Darwin introduced to the science world with the nomenclature made in vertebrates in 1879, is an evolutionary disused rudimentary striated thin muscle structures on the subcutaneous tissue that cause the scrotum to shrink in the cold in male (dartos muscle) and facial expressions and twitching on the face and neck (platysma). All the muscles “twitching on the face and neck” are an evolutionary proof and vestigial.

The platysma muscle on the neck and mimic are relaxing and sagging over time (age-related) in this fascia sheath/layers. Plastic surgery rejuvenates and repairs sagging and relaxation in the structure of Panniculus Carnosus, which is an evolutionary vestigial that occurs over time in the area on the subcutaneous tissue on the face and neck.

The shortening, folding and lifting procedures of the Superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) are called facelift and neck lift. As these structures continue to disuse from generation to generation, we can say that evolution follows an anti-aging direction in vertebrates. SMAS: Superficial muscular aponeurotic system